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1.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 80(1): 47-50, ene. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-118974

RESUMO

La inmunosupresión puede ser causa de un falso negativo en la interpretación de la prueba de tuberculina (PT). Se realiza un estudio transversal en una población de niños adoptados e inmigrantes para analizar si la alteración de la inmunidad celular mediada por linfocitos CD4 puede modificar el resultado de la PT. Se incluyó a 1.074 niños (enero de 2003-diciembre de 2008). El estudio de subpoblaciones linfocitarias se efectuó en 884 niños. Un 5,3% tuvo valores de linfocitos CD4 < 25%. No existieron diferencias en el resultado de la PT entre niños con valores normales y patológicos de linfocitos CD4. Varios estudios, incluyendo nuestra serie, han demostrado que no existe una correlación directa entre el valor porcentual de linfocitos CD4 y el resultado de la PT. No obstante, estos resultados deberían confirmarse con series más numerosas y con un mayor porcentaje de niños con valores porcentuales de linfocitos CD4 < 25%


Immunosuppression could be a cause of a false negative tuberculin skin test (TST) result. A cross-sectional study was performed on a population of immigrants and internationally adopted children to analyse whether CD4 cell counts could modify the TST results. A total of 1074 children were included between January 2003 and December 2008. CD4 cell counts were performed on 884 children, in whom 5.3% had CD4 values <25%. There were no differences in TST results among children with normal and pathological CD4 cell counts. Several studies, including this one, have shown that there is no direct association between the CD4 value and the TST results. These results should be confirmed with larger series and with a higher percentage of children with CD4 values <25%


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Teste Tuberculínico/métodos , Imunidade Celular , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Reações Falso-Positivas
2.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 80(1): 47-50, 2014 Jan.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23562528

RESUMO

Immunosuppression could be a cause of a false negative tuberculin skin test (TST) result. A cross-sectional study was performed on a population of immigrants and internationally adopted children to analyse whether CD4 cell counts could modify the TST results. A total of 1074 children were included between January 2003 and December 2008. CD4 cell counts were performed on 884 children, in whom 5.3% had CD4 values <25%. There were no differences in TST results among children with normal and pathological CD4 cell counts. Several studies, including this one, have shown that there is no direct association between the CD4 value and the TST results. These results should be confirmed with larger series and with a higher percentage of children with CD4 values <25%.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Imunidade Celular/imunologia , Teste Tuberculínico , Adolescente , Adoção , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 76(4): 224-228, abr. 2012. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101353

RESUMO

El tratamiento inicial de las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) es empírico por lo que es prioritario conocer la resistencia antibiótica de los microorganismos más frecuentes en una población. Además, tras la sospecha de pielonefritis aguda se debe descartar la presencia de cicatriz renal que puede dar lugar a complicaciones posteriores. Presentamos un estudio longitudinal y retrospectivo de todos los menores de 14 años diagnosticados de ITU desde el 1 de enero del 2009 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2009. Se analizaron los datos de sensibilidad a antimicrobianos de los patógenos urinarios más importantes, el seguimiento posterior y la presencia de cicatrices. Las bacterias aisladas con mayor frecuencia fueron: Escherichia coli (80%) Proteus mirabillis (9,7%) y Klebsiella pneumoniae (4,2%). En el antibiograma, E. coli presentó una alta sensibilidad frente a fosfomicina (99,1%), cefotaxima (98,2%) cefuroxima (97,3%) y gentamicina (95,6%). La sensibilidad obtenida frente a amoxicilina-clavulánico fue del 83,2%, mientras que la obtenida frente a cotrimoxazol fue del 78,9%.Se encontraron cicatrices pospielonefríticas en el 19% de los pacientes con ITU febril, 17% de los no ingresados y 20% de los ingresados(AU)


The initial treatment of the urinary tract infections (UTI) is empirical and it is a priority to determine the antibiotic resistance of most common germs in a population. Furthermore, due to the suspicion of acute pyelonephritis the presence of renal scarring should be ruled out as this may lead to further complications. A retrospective longitudinal study was performed on all children under 14 years diagnosed with UTI from January 1 2009 to December 31 2009. The in vitro susceptibility to the most important urinary pathogens was analysed, along with the presence of scars, and a subsequent follow-up. The most frequently isolated bacteria were E. coli (80%), P. mirabilis (9.7%) and K. pneumoniae (4.2%). In the antibiogram, E coli showed a high sensitivity to fosfomycin (99.1%), cefotaxime (98.2%) cefuroxime (97.3%) and gentamicin (95.6%). The sensitivity obtained against amoxicillin-clavulanate was 83.2%, while that obtained against cotrimoxazole was 78.9%.Post-pyelonephritis scars were found in 19% of patients with febrile UTI, 17% out-patients and 20% of those admitted(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Infecções Urinárias/diagnóstico , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Proteus mirabilis/isolamento & purificação , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Leucocitose/complicações , Leucocitose/diagnóstico , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Ampicilina/uso terapêutico , Produtos com Ação Antimicrobiana , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Estudos Longitudinais/métodos , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/tendências , Cicatriz/complicações , Pielonefrite/complicações , Pielonefrite/diagnóstico
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 76(4): 224-8, 2012 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22104020

RESUMO

The initial treatment of the urinary tract infections (UTI) is empirical and it is a priority to determine the antibiotic resistance of most common germs in a population. Furthermore, due to the suspicion of acute pyelonephritis the presence of renal scarring should be ruled out as this may lead to further complications. A retrospective longitudinal study was performed on all children under 14 years diagnosed with UTI from January 1 2009 to December 31 2009. The in vitro susceptibility to the most important urinary pathogens was analysed, along with the presence of scars, and a subsequent follow-up. The most frequently isolated bacteria were E. coli (80%), P. mirabilis (9.7%) and K. pneumoniae (4.2%). In the antibiogram, E coli showed a high sensitivity to fosfomycin (99.1%), cefotaxime (98.2%) cefuroxime (97.3%) and gentamicin (95.6%). The sensitivity obtained against amoxicillin-clavulanate was 83.2%, while that obtained against cotrimoxazole was 78.9%. Post-pyelonephritis scars were found in 19% of patients with febrile UTI, 17% out-patients and 20% of those admitted.


Assuntos
Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Vaccine ; 26(46): 5784-90, 2008 Oct 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18786590

RESUMO

It is of paramount importance to know the vaccination status in internationally adopted children, so that they can be correctly immunized. This study ascertains the seroprotection rate for vaccine-preventable diseases and the validity of the immunization cards in 637 adopted children. The absence of the immunization card (13% of children) correlated with a poor global vaccine protection. Children with immunization records (87%) had a better global seroprotection but the information obtained from the card did not accurately predict seroprotection for each particular antigen. The best variable to predict the status of seroprotection was the country of origin. The highest rate of protection was found in children from Eastern Europe and, in descending order, India, Latin America, China and Africa. General recommendations for immunization of internationally adopted children are difficult to establish. Actions for vaccination have to be mainly implemented on the basis of the existence of the immunization card and of the country of origin.


Assuntos
Adoção , Vacinação/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Vacina contra Sarampo-Caxumba-Rubéola , Prontuários Médicos , Estado Nutricional , Exame Físico , Vacinação/normas
6.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 66(7): 317-321, jul. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68119

RESUMO

La consulta de un niño procedente de una zona tropical es una situación cada día más habitual en nuestro país. Ante el aumento casi exponencial de la población inmigrante, es necesario tener en cuenta las patologías no endémicas en nuestro medio. En este artículo se pretende enumerar las enfermedades infecciosas y tropicales propias de los niños africanos y ofrecer una primera aproximación diagnóstica de éstas en función de su sintomatología(AU)


Children from tropical zones are being brought to Spanish outpatient clinics with increasing frequency. Given the nearly exponential increase in the immigrant population, it is necessary to take into consideration diseases that are not endemic in our geographical region. The purpose of this article is to specify the infectious and tropical diseases most widely detected in African children and provide an initial diagnostic approach for each on the basis of the symptomatology(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Migrantes , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Hepatite/complicações , Hepatite/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , HIV/imunologia , Malária/epidemiologia
7.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 66(7): 362-364, jul. 2008. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68128

RESUMO

La malaria importada en la edad pediátrica es una enfermedad emergente en nuestro medio gracias al aumento de los viajes internacionales a países endémicos y a la llegada de niños inmigrantes o adoptados desde estas zonas. Describimos el caso de una niña adoptada procedente de Etiopía con parasitación por P. falciparum, que se encontraba asintomática a su llegada y sólo presentaba esplenomegalia como único hallazgo clínico. El diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz de esta enfermedad resulta fundamental para disminuir la morbimortalidad asociada, por lo que siempre debe descartarse en aquellos pacientes procedentes de área endémica(AU)


Imported childhood malaria has become an emerging disease in Spain. The two main reasons are international travel to endemic countries and the increase in immigrant and adopted children coming from those geographical regions. We describe the case of an adopted Ethiopian girl who was infected with Plasmodium falciparum, although with the exception of splenomegaly, she was asymptomatic at the time of her arrival. Early diagnosis and treatment of malaria is essential to decrease the associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, steps should be taken to rule out this disease in patients coming from endemic areas(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Malária/complicações , Malária/diagnóstico , Malária/epidemiologia , Migrantes , Quinina/uso terapêutico , Proguanil/uso terapêutico , Plasmodium/isolamento & purificação , Plasmodium/parasitologia , Esplenomegalia/complicações , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Malária/fisiopatologia , Adoção/legislação & jurisprudência , Adoção/psicologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Esplenomegalia/diagnóstico , Indicadores de Morbimortalidade
12.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 66(5): 531-4, 2007 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17517207

RESUMO

Gastroesophageal reflux with hiatal hernia has been associated with unusual presentations, including rumination syndrome, Sandifer syndrome (reflux esophagitis, iron deficiency anemia and head cocking) and the Herbst triad (iron deficiency anemia, hypoproteinemia and finger clubbing). We report a new case of this rare disease. Lack of awareness of gastroesophageal reflux as a possible cause of these striking symptoms could lead to complications and delayed surgery.


Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva/complicações , Dedos/anormalidades , Refluxo Gastroesofágico/complicações , Hipoproteinemia/complicações , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome
13.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 65(4): 169-172, abr. 2007. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-053700

RESUMO

Presentamos el caso de un lactante con numerosas manchas de color café con leche asociadas a múltiples lesiones cutáneas (pápular y nódulos), amarillentas y asintomáticas. El hallazgo de xantogranuloma juvenil (XGJ) en niños con múltiples manchas de color café con leche puede considerarse un excelente marcador de la neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1) e los primeros años de vida cuando puede faltar cualquier otro signo diagnóstico de esta enfermedad. Existe una asociación entre NF1 y XGJ y se han descrito casos de triple concurrencia NF1, XGJ y leucemia mielomonocítica juvenil (LMMJ). El riesgo de desarrollar LMMJ en pacientes con comorbilidad NF1/XGJ sigue siendo objeto de controversia, pero la existencia de XGJ en un niño pequeño con NF1 debe alertar acerca del posible desarrollo de hemopatías malignas


We present the case of a boy with múltiple café au lait spost and multiple yellowish, asymptomatic cutaneous popules and nodules. The association between juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) and multiple café au lait sponts can be considered an excellent marker of neurofibromatosis 1(NF1) in the first few years of life, in the absence of the other reliable diagnostic signs of NF1. Association has been shown to exist between NF1 and JXG, and a number of cases involving the triple association NF1, JXG and juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) have been reported. The risk of developing JMML in patients with both JXG and NF1 remains controversial. However, a diagnosis of JXG in an infant with NF1 should alert the physician to the possible development of hematologic malignancies


Assuntos
Masculino , Lactente , Humanos , Neurofibromatose 1/complicações , Xantogranuloma Juvenil/complicações , Neurofibromatose 1/patologia , Leucemia Mieloide/complicações , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/complicações
14.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 64(9): 453-457, oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050004

RESUMO

Presentamos un caso de piomiositis en una niña de 3 años sin patología subyacente. La piomiositis es una enfermedad común en los países tropicales y rara en los de clima templado. Aunque en España se está comunicando con una frecuencia cada vez mayor. El patógeno más común es el Staphylococcus aureus. La enfermedad puede manifestarse de modo sutil e inespecífico dificultando el diagnóstico. El retraso de éste puede implicar complicaciones graves o incluso la muerte. Para su detección son esenciales las técnicas de imagen, ecografía, tomografía computarizada, resonancia magnética y gammagrafía isotópica. El tratamiento se basa en la antibioticoterapia y el drenaje, no estando bien establecido cuál debe ser su duración. Nuestra paciente se recuperó sin complicaciones tras la incisión y el drenaje del absceso fundamental y la administración de antibióticos antiestafilocócicos


We present a case of pyomyositis in an otherwise healthy 3 - year-old girl. Pyomyositis is a common disease in the tropics that is reported with increasing frequency in Spain. The most common pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus. This disease may give rise to subtle, non-specific or misleading signs and symptoms. Delayed diagnosis and treatment may lead to serious complications or even death. The imaging tools included ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and gallium- 67 scan. Early ultrasound examination of any suspected lesions can help to establish the diagnosis. Treatment, the duration of which has not been definitively established, consists mainly of antibiotic therapy and surgical drainage. Our patient recovereds moothly, without complications, after incision, drainage and administration of antistaphylococcal antibiotics


Assuntos
Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Miosite/diagnóstico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Abscesso/diagnóstico , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Região Lombossacral/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Músculo Esquelético/microbiologia
15.
Pediátrika (Madr.) ; 26(6): 205-214, jun. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048483

RESUMO

El Herpes zoster (HZ) es la consecuencia clínicade la reactivación demorada del virus varicela-zoster(VVZ). La enfermedad es propia del adulto pero loscasos pediátricos no son infrecuentes. Afecta, principalmente,a niños inmunodeprimidos y a lactantespor reactivación del virus latente adquirido transplacentariamentedurante la vida intrauterina (varicelade la gestante). Rara vez sucede en niños normales.Su incidencia es mayor en niños que han padecidola infección varicelosa normal que en aquellosotros que han sido inmunizados activamente. Dadoque la vacunación contra la varicela se está extendiendorápidamente, el zoster podría llegar a seruna curiosidad en la infancia.La alteración de la inmunidad celular e inespecífica(células natural killer) parece jugar un papelesencial en su desarrollo. En el niño la enfermedadsuele ser benigna y el tratamiento se limita a medidasconservadoras. En los niños inmunodeficientesla infección puede ser severa requiriendo la administraciónintravenosa de antivirales de los que elaciclovir es el de elección


Herpes zoster (HZ) is the clinical consequence oflate reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Itinfects mainly the elderly but pediatric cases are notuncommon. It occurs mostly in immunocompromisedchildren or in infancy after reactivation of latent VZVinfection acquired transplacentally during intrauterinelife. Rarely, HZ occurs in otherwise normal children.The incidence of HZ in children is higher afternatural varicella infection than after varicella vaccination.As the childhood population becomes increasinglyimmunized, zoster in children should becomea medical curiosity. The impairment of cellular andnon specific immunity (natural killer cells) appears tohave a particular role in the occurrence of HZ. Zosterin children typically runs a benign, mild course.Treatment of the usual form comprises antisepticmeasures and relief of pruritus. In immunocompromisedchildren, the infection is generally severe,thus requiring specific intravenous antiviral therapywith antiviral drugs without delay. Acyclovir is a firstlineagent


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Herpes Zoster/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 3/patogenicidade , Aciclovir/uso terapêutico , Herpes Zoster/diagnóstico , Herpes Zoster/terapia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido
16.
Pediátrika (Madr.) ; 26(6): 205-214, jun. 2006. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-047821

RESUMO

El Herpes zoster (HZ) es la consecuencia clínicade la reactivación demorada del virus varicela-zoster(VVZ). La enfermedad es propia del adulto pero loscasos pediátricos no son infrecuentes. Afecta, principalmente,a niños inmunodeprimidos y a lactantespor reactivación del virus latente adquirido transplacentariamentedurante la vida intrauterina (varicelade la gestante). Rara vez sucede en niños normales.Su incidencia es mayor en niños que han padecidola infección varicelosa normal que en aquellosotros que han sido inmunizados activamente. Dadoque la vacunación contra la varicela se está extendiendorápidamente, el zoster podría llegar a seruna curiosidad en la infancia.La alteración de la inmunidad celular e inespecífica(células natural killer) parece jugar un papelesencial en su desarrollo. En el niño la enfermedadsuele ser benigna y el tratamiento se limita a medidasconservadoras. En los niños inmunodeficientesla infección puede ser severa requiriendo la administraciónintravenosa de antivirales de los que elaciclovir es el de elección


Herpes zoster (HZ) is the clinical consequence oflate reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Itinfects mainly the elderly but pediatric cases are notuncommon. It occurs mostly in immunocompromisedchildren or in infancy after reactivation of latent VZVinfection acquired transplacentally during intrauterinelife. Rarely, HZ occurs in otherwise normal children.The incidence of HZ in children is higher afternatural varicella infection than after varicella vaccination.As the childhood population becomes increasinglyimmunized, zoster in children should becomea medical curiosity. The impairment of cellular andnon specific immunity (natural killer cells) appears tohave a particular role in the occurrence of HZ. Zosterin children typically runs a benign, mild course.Treatment of the usual form comprises antisepticmeasures and relief of pruritus. In immunocompromisedchildren, the infection is generally severe,thus requiring specific intravenous antiviral therapywith antiviral drugs without delay. Acyclovir is a firstlineagent


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Humanos , Herpes Zoster/epidemiologia , Aciclovir/uso terapêutico , Herpes Zoster/fisiopatologia , Herpesvirus Humano 3/patogenicidade , Herpesvirus Humano 3 , Vacina contra Varicela/farmacocinética
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